Guide

How to use Video Alignment Tool

Everything from installing the app to exporting perfectly synced files. No video-editing experience needed. Follow along in order the first time, or jump straight to what you need.

The basics in 60 seconds

Say you recorded one event on two cameras and a voice recorder. You started each one at a different moment, so the same event happens at a different time in each file. The app works out those differences and gives you back files that all start at the same instant.

  1. Add your recordings with the Add button.
  2. Align them with the Align every track button.
  3. Check by pressing Space to play them all together.
  4. Export with the button, and choose a folder.

A few words you'll see throughout the app and this guide:

Track
One recording, meaning one file, in your project. Each track has its own colour.
Timeline
The strip at the bottom where every track is laid out against a shared clock, drawn as a sound wave.
Playhead
The thin vertical line on the timeline showing the moment you're looking at.
Reference track
The recording every other track is lined up against. Usually your best-quality camera or microphone.
Offset
How many seconds after the start of the timeline a track begins. Aligning sets this for you.
Drift
How far a device's clock runs fast or slow, in seconds per hour. For example, +1.93 s/h. The app corrects it when playing and exporting. See Clock drift.
Marker
A small flag pinned to a moment in a track. The app places one wherever it finds a match, and you can add your own.
In / Out points
Optional start and end points. Set them to export only part of the event.

1 · Install & first launch

Download the installer for your computer from the download page and open it.

Computer What to do
Windows Run the .exe. The app installs and opens by itself. It then appears in the Start menu.
macOS Open the .dmg and drag the app onto the Applications folder shown beside it. Then open it from Applications or Launchpad.
Linux Open the .deb with your software installer, then launch the app from your applications menu.

Set up ffmpeg

The app uses ffmpeg, a free and trusted tool, to read and write audio and video. If your computer doesn't already have it, this window appears the first time you open the app.

The ffmpeg setup window with Download ffmpeg for me and I already have ffmpeg options
The first-launch window. Most people should choose Download ffmpeg for me.
Choice When to pick it
Download ffmpeg for me Recommended. Downloads about 60 MB into your user settings folder. No administrator password needed. Takes a minute or two.
I already have ffmpeg If ffmpeg is already installed, you'll be asked to pick the ffmpeg file and then the ffprobe file.
Continue without it Opens the app, but it can't read recordings until ffmpeg is set up. You can set it up later from the message in the bottom-right corner.

2 · A tour of the window

The window is split into three areas, plus a status bar along the bottom.

The main window: Media list on the left, video views top right, timeline bottom right
A project with three cameras and two audio recorders, already aligned.
Area What it's for
Media, left The list of recordings in your project, with details such as length, picture size and sound format.
Video, top right Every camera angle, playing together.
Timeline, bottom right Every recording drawn as a sound wave on a shared timeline. This is where you align, check and choose what to export. Playback controls sit underneath it.
Status bar, bottom edge Your project name, with a dot • when there are unsaved changes, plus export and transcode progress, a notice when an update is available, and whether ffmpeg is ready. Click that last part to open Preferences. The GPU and CPU badges beside it light up while ffmpeg is working. At the far right, the keyboard button opens the shortcut list and the cog opens Preferences.

You can resize the areas by dragging the borders between them, and rearrange them by dragging their title tabs. The app remembers your layout, and opens its window where you left it: on the same monitor, in the same place, and maximised if it was. If that monitor isn't connected, the window opens on your main one.

3 · Add your recordings

Click Add at the top of the Media list, or choose File → Add Media…, and select every recording of the event. You can select several files at once, and add more later.

Kind File types
Video .mp4 .mov .m4v .mkv .avi .mts .m2ts .mxf .webm
Audio .wav .aif .aiff .mp3 .flac .m4a .aac .ogg .opus .caf

Other formats that ffmpeg understands usually work too. Choose All Files in the file picker to see them.

You can also drag recordings from Finder or File Explorer onto the Media list. Drop a folder to add every recording directly inside it. Files of other types are left out.

The Media list showing five recordings with their details
The Media list. Each entry shows duration, picture size, frame rate, bitrate, file size and audio details.
  • A small progress bar appears under each new file while the app reads its sound. This only takes a few seconds for most files. Saved projects remember what was read, so reopening one doesn't read it again.
  • Rescan a file's sound wave with the beside it. When a project opens, the app does this by itself for any file whose size has changed. Use the button if a file was replaced with one of exactly the same size.
  • Find a file on your computer with the beside it, which opens its folder in Finder or File Explorer with the file selected.
  • Reorder tracks by dragging a file up or down the list. The timeline and video views follow.
  • Remove a file from the project with the × beside it. The file on your computer isn't touched.
  • "No audio, cannot be auto-aligned" means the file has no sound. You can still line it up using markers or by hand.
  • "File missing" means a recording is no longer where the project expects it: moved, renamed, deleted, or on a drive that isn't plugged in. Its video shows the same message, and its track turns grey but keeps its sound wave. Click Locate… and choose the file where it is now. The track keeps its timing, markers and settings. If other missing files are in the same folder, the app offers to fix them too, and it warns you if the file you chose looks like a different recording. Plug a drive back in and its files come back by themselves. Export leaves missing files out.
The main window with Camera C - side.mov missing: a File missing note and Locate button in the Media list and in its video tile, and its track greyed out
Camera C's file has been moved. Its entry, its video and its track all show it.
  • "Drive not responding" means the drive or network-share that a recording is on didn't answer within a few seconds. The track turns grey, and the app keeps checking periodically. Once the drive answers, the track goes back to normal. If the drive is gone for good, Locate… is still available on the card.
  • "Not downloaded" (Mac only) means the recording is in an iCloud, Dropbox, OneDrive or Google Drive folder but isn't stored on this computer yet. The app doesn't play or scan it until it's fully available. Click Download, or let your sync app download it. It will come back online in the app once it's available. Exporting or aligning it automatically triggers a download of it first.
  • "Still being written" means the file's size keeps changing, because it's still being copied, synced, or otherwise being actively modified. The app waits until it stops, then reads it again. The same happens to a file when it is being replaced while the project is open.
  • "Can't be read" means the file is there but the app couldn't make sense of it, often because it is being actively modified. The app tries again each time you come back to the app.
  • "Previewing via …" means the app can't play the format directly, so it made a lightweight preview copy (a proxy). This happens a lot with AVCHD .mts camcorder files. Alignment and export always use your original file.

Joining files a camera split up

GoPros, other action cameras and some camcorders split a long recording into several files of a few minutes each. Join them into one before aligning, using Merge.

The Merge window with three GoPro chapter files listed
Three GoPro chapters, sorted into recording order and ready to join.
  1. Click Merge, then Add in the window that opens, and select all the pieces of one recording. You can also drag the pieces onto the window's file list from Finder or File Explorer.
  2. Check the order. The app sorts the pieces into recording order for you, which matters because GoPro file names don't sort correctly on their own. To change the order, drag the pieces or use the and buttons. Sort puts them back in the app's order.
  3. Check the Destination folder and File name for the joined file. The app warns you if the folder doesn't have enough free space.
  4. Choose a Method:
    • Quick merge is the default. It joins the pieces as they are, in about the time it takes to copy the files, with no loss of quality. Every piece must use the same camera settings.
    • Re-encode creates a completely new file. It's much slower, but works even if the pieces differ, and unlocks the format settings, the same ones as in Export settings. Sound-only file types are greyed out for video, because a merge keeps the picture. If the pictures have different shapes, choose: Fit to add black bars, Fill to crop the edges, or Stretch.
  5. Leave Keep telemetry and metadata on to carry over GPS and motion data from cameras that record it, where the file type allows.
  6. Leave Add the merged file to the project on to use the joined file straight away, or turn it off to only write the file.
  7. Click Merge. When it finishes, the app adds the joined file to your project, or shows you where it is. You can cancel at any time and return to the window with your choices intact.

Converting files to another format

Transcode makes a new copy of one or more files in another format: an MOV as an MP4, a 4K recording at 1080p, or just the sound as a WAV. Each file gets a new file of its own, with settings of its own, and the originals are left alone.

The Transcode window with one finished file and three ready to start, each with its own settings, and the settings of the selected file below the list
One file finished and three ready to start, each with its own settings. The selected file's settings are below the list.
  1. Click Transcode, then Add, and select the files. You can also drag them onto the list.
  2. Click a file in the list to show its settings below. Each file has its own, and files you add start with the settings of the file selected at the time.
  3. New files go next to the originals, with _transcoded added to the name. Use Browse to choose a folder instead, or change the Name suffix.
  4. Choose the File type first, then the formats that go in it. The settings are the same as in Export settings, plus Keep original, which copies the picture or sound without changing it. Keeping both only changes the file type, which takes seconds. Keep original is greyed out when the file type can't hold the original, and says why, for example "MP4 can't hold PCM". Choose a sound-only type such as WAV or MP3 to save just the sound. Match source means each file's own size, frame rate or format.
  5. To make quiet sound louder, or bring loud sound down, tick Normalise and set the level the loudest moment should reach, as a percentage of the maximum or in dB, whichever Preferences is set to: 100% is 0 dB, and 50% is about −6 dB. It's off to begin with and set to the maximum. Each audio stream is turned up or down as a whole, so its left and right stay balanced. The app reads the file once first to find its loudest moment, so it takes a little longer. Normalising needs the sound re-encoded, so it isn't available with Keep original. With AAC or MP3 the result can land slightly above the level, so leave a little room, such as 89% (−1 dB), if it matters.
  6. Turn on Add the new file to the project if you want to use it straight away. It's off by default.
  7. To give a setting to every other file, click the Apply to all button beside it. It's greyed out when they all have it already. To set up several files at once, apply a saved preset to each one.
  8. Click Transcode. The files are converted one after another while you carry on working. You can close the window: progress shows in the status bar, and clicking it, or Transcode again, opens the window to check on them or add more files.

Each file in the list shows its source (length, picture size, frame rate, and the video and audio formats with their bitrates) and, in green after an arrow, what it will be converted to. Hover over that line to see the new file's name and folder.

  • The button on a finished file shows it in Finder or File Explorer. Clear finished clears completed files from the list.
  • Files waiting their turn in the queue can still be changed: click one and change its settings. A file that's already converting or finished shows the settings it used.
  • A waiting file whose settings can't be used as they are, such as a name another file already has, is marked on hold and skipped until you fix it.
  • If you open another project before a file finishes, it won't be added to the new one.
  • Quitting while files are still converting asks first, because it would stop the conversions.

4 · Align automatically

Automatic alignment compares the sound in each recording with the sound in the reference track, and moves each track to where it matches. It works whenever the microphones heard the same things. They don't need to sound identical.

Five recordings added but not yet aligned, all starting at zero on the timeline
Before aligning, every track starts at zero, so the same sounds appear at different places in each wave.
  1. Choose the reference track, if you want to. The app uses the first recording with sound unless you click the button on another track's header in the timeline. Pick the recording with the clearest sound, ideally one that runs for the whole event.
  2. Click "Align every track" in the timeline toolbar. It's the button, just right of . To align a single recording instead, click its header to select it, then click the button.
  3. Check the settings and click Align. A window shows which track everything is matched against, whether only a selection is compared, and this project's alignment settings. Usually there's nothing to change: just press Enter.
  4. Wait a moment. The toolbar shows progress, and the button cancels. A few minutes of audio takes seconds. Hour-long recordings take longer.
  5. Read the report that opens when it's done, described below. The timeline zooms out to show the whole aligned project.
The timeline toolbar
The timeline toolbar. Hover over any button in the app to see its name.
Buttons, left to right What they do
Undo · Redo Step back or forward through your changes.
Zoom out · Zoom in · Fit Change how much of the timeline is visible. Fit shows the whole project.
Set In · Set Out · Clear Mark where the export should start and end, at the playhead. Clear removes them and any selection. See Export.
Add marker · Mark every track · Delete marker Place and remove markers. See Sync using markers.
Align active track · Align every track Automatic alignment from sound. does the selected track, and does all of them.
Sync active track from markers · Sync every track from markers Alignment from markers you placed. does one track, and does all of them.
Export Opens the Export window.
Keyboard, far right Shows the list of keyboard shortcuts, where you can also change them. The time beside it is the playhead position.
Aligning just part of the event. If only one stretch of your recordings shares clear sound, drag across that stretch on the timeline to select it before clicking Align. The app compares only that part, and the report confirms this.

Alignment settings

The window that opens before aligning holds this project's settings. They're saved with the project, so a project with difficult recordings keeps what you chose for it. Anything you leave alone says from Preferences and follows your Preferences. Reset to Preferences puts every setting back.

The alignment settings window for four tracks, with the room recorder set to a lower match strictness
Four tracks about to be matched against Camera A. The room recorder was across the room, so it has a lower strictness. The rest follow Preferences.
Setting What it does
Search window How many seconds apart the recordings can start and still be matched. The default is 300 seconds, or 5 minutes. Raise it if a recording started much earlier or later than the others. If you know they all started within a minute, lower it, so the app can't settle on a sound that just repeats later.
Match strictness How clear a match must be before the app moves a track. It runs from 6, lenient, to 20, strict, and the default is 10. Lower it when recordings are hard to match, such as distant microphones or a noisy or echoing room, and tracks are left where they were. Then check every track. Raise it if tracks are moved to the wrong place. It only changes whether the app trusts the match it finds, never which one it finds.
Apply syncs up to How many frames out a sync can be and still move the track. The default is 3. Anything more than a frame out moves with a warning to check it. Past this, the track is left where it was. See When a sync is approximate.
Match strictness by track A different strictness for one track, such as the one microphone that was across the room. Every other track uses the project's.

To align without the window, untick Show before every alignment. Then an Align button starts straight away. Hold Alt, or ⌥ Option on a Mac, as you click it to see the settings again. The same switch is in Preferences.

Reading the alignment report

The Alignment report listing four tracks with offsets, drift and confidence
Every track was matched. Camera C's clock runs slightly slow, and the app corrected it. The lapel mic shared too little sound with Camera A to measure its drift, and the report says so.
You see It means
✓ green tick The track was matched and moved into place.
⚠ amber warning The app found no reliable match and left the track where it was. The reason is underneath, with what to try. If the result was only a guess, or could be more than three frames out, the app won't apply it.
Amber note under a ✓ The track was moved, but something is worth checking, such as drift that couldn't be measured.
Approximate — … up to 50 ms The track was moved, but the moments that matched point to timings up to 50 ms apart, more than a frame. It could be out by that much. Check it and nudge it if needed. See When a sync is approximate.
+17.500s Where the track now starts on the timeline.
11 sync points How many separate moments agreed. More is better.
-1.14 s/h drift This device's clock loses 1.14 seconds every hour compared with the reference. The app corrects it. No drift means the app checked and the clocks agree. Drift not measured means the recordings shared too little sound to check, or the stretch compared was too short to trust across the whole recording. See Clock drift.
95% confident How clearly the sound matched. High numbers are reliable. If a track scores low, give it a quick listen. How clear a match has to be is set by Match strictness.
Match strictness 8 (default 10) Shown at the top when the project's Match strictness or frame limit isn't the default, so a setting changed for one difficult project isn't forgotten. A track with its own strictness says so on its row, such as strictness 6.

The app leaves a small marker at each matched moment, so you can jump to any of them later and check by eye and ear.

When a sync is approximate

Sound is slow compared with light. It travels about a third of a metre every millisecond, so at 30 fps it covers about 11 metres in one frame. A microphone across the room hears a voice later than one beside the speaker. When people talk from different places, two microphones far apart don't share one delay. Each voice reaches them a little differently, and the best match depends on who is talking.

The app checks how well the matched moments agree, and acts on it:

The moments agree within The app
One frame Moves the track, with no warning.
One to three frames Moves the track, and the report says it's approximate and by how much.
More than three frames Leaves the track where it was. You can allow more with Apply syncs up to.

Frames are counted at the slower video's frame rate, or at 25 fps when both tracks are audio only. To make an approximate track exact:

  • Watch and listen where someone close to that camera is talking, or at a clap, and nudge it a frame at a time.
  • Or select a stretch where someone near that camera's microphone is talking, and align the track again from just that stretch.
  • For an exact result, put markers on the same clap in each track.

A match can also be off without the app noticing. If one person does all the talking in the stretch it compared, every moment agrees, even when the microphones were far apart. With microphones more than about 10 metres apart, check by eye.

Clock drift

Every camera and recorder keeps time with its own clock, and no two clocks run at exactly the same speed. The difference is tiny, usually a fraction of a second an hour and sometimes a couple of seconds, but it builds up the longer you record. Two recordings lined up perfectly at the start slowly slide apart. Take a camera whose clock gains 2 seconds an hour, an ordinary amount:

After It is out of sync by
1 minute 33 ms, nearly a whole frame at 25 fps
10 minutes A third of a second
1 hour 2 seconds

On a short clip that hardly matters. On a long one it does. A few hundredths of a second between two microphones already makes voices sound hollow or doubled, and a little more puts lips visibly out of step with speech.

So for long recordings, lining up the start isn't enough. When the app aligns, it also measures how fast each track's clock runs compared with the reference, and corrects it. During playback and in every export, it plays that track very slightly faster or slower, so it stays in sync from the first second to the last. The change is far too small to hear as a change in pitch. The report and the track header show what it found, such as -1.14 s/h: that camera's clock loses 1.14 seconds an hour.

More detail: when the app corrects drift. The app only changes a track's speed when it can measure the drift reliably. All of these must be true:
  • Enough shared sound. At least four sync points, with the first and last at least 30 seconds apart. In practice the two recordings need to share about 35 seconds of sound or more. Drift from markers follows the same 30-second rule.
  • Close enough for the whole recording. The correction applies to the whole recording, so a drift measured over a short stretch has to be precise enough to still be right at the far end. The app works out how far out it could be there, from how closely the sync points agree, and uses the drift only if that's within a frame. Microphones far apart agree less closely, because each voice reaches them by different paths, so they need a longer stretch. On a recording a few minutes long, measure over most of it. On one hours long, half an hour is often enough for microphones close together, but not for ones across a room.
  • A steady slide. The timing has to drift the same way across the sync points, by at least three times as much as the measurements could be off.
  • At least 2 ms of slide between the first and last sync points. Less can't be told apart from quirks of the room or microphone, and over that stretch is too small to see or hear.
  • Under 1%, or 36 seconds an hour. No real clock is that far out, so a bigger difference means something else, such as footage converted to another frame rate.

Without enough shared sound, or when the stretch compared is too short to trust across the whole recording, the report says drift not measured, and the track is placed by its start time alone. It's in sync where the recordings overlap, but may slide out further along. To measure it, choose a recording that covers the whole event as the reference, or mark two moments at least 30 seconds apart. If only the other checks fail, the report says no drift: the app looked and found none worth correcting.

5 · Check the result

Play the project, then watch and listen. Lips should match voices, and a clap or a door slam should happen at the same moment in every view.

Playback controls
Playback controls, below the timeline.
  • Play / pause with the button or Space. The buttons either side jump back or forward by one frame, 5 seconds or 30 seconds. The menu on the right sets the playback speed, from ¼× up to 8×.
  • Play with return with the button or Shift+Space. When playback stops, the playhead goes back to where it started, so you can hear the same moment again. Clicking elsewhere while it plays doesn't change where it returns to.
  • Play just a selection by selecting a stretch of time first. Playback starts at the playhead if it's inside the selection, or at the selection's start if not, and stops at its end.
  • Jump to a moment by clicking anywhere on the timeline, or drag along the time ruler above the tracks to scrub.
  • Zoom the timeline by scrolling over the tracks, pinching on a trackpad, the toolbar buttons or the + / − keys. Press F to fit everything.
  • Move through time by swiping sideways on a trackpad, or by holding Shift and scrolling. A swipe keeps to the direction it started in, so zooming doesn't wobble into panning. To change direction, swipe the new way for half a second, even while the last swipe is still gliding. You can change that time in Preferences. Move up and down the tracks by holding Ctrl / ⌘ and scrolling, or by scrolling over the track headers.
  • Jump between markers with , and . to hear the matched moments one after another.

Controls on each track

A track header with its number and colour dot, mute, solo, mono, volume, disable and reference buttons, drift reading, offset, rate and in-file time
A track's header, with its sound wave and markers to the right.
Control What it does
Number and colour dot Tracks are numbered from 1 at the top. Click the dot to pick another colour for the track's wave. A small mark on a colour means another track already uses it; Custom colour… offers any colour.
Mute Silences this track while playing.
Solo Plays only this track's sound, all the others are temporarily muted. Click again to deactivate. Ctrl / ⌘ plus the track's number does the same for tracks 1 to 9.
Mono Plays the track's channels mixed together through both speakers. Useful when a recording only has sound on one side. The channels are averaged, so nothing gets louder. Greyed out for a file that's already mono.
Volume Opens a slider for balancing a loud track against a quiet one. 100% is three-quarters of the way along, where a line marks it; 50% sounds about half as loud. The last quarter boosts a quiet track by up to 133%, or +12 dB, and turns the slider and button red: a boosted track can be loud, and can distort if it gets louder later. The volume shows as a percentage or in dB, as set in Preferences. The button is highlighted when a track isn't at 100%, and puts it back. Click the button again, or anywhere else, to close the slider.
Disable Leaves the track out of playback, which can help on slower computers.
Anchor, Reference Makes this the track others are aligned to.
-1.14 s/h The clock drift found for this track. Hover for details.
Export settings Format and quality for this track's exported file. See Format & quality.
Spectral view Below Export settings. Shows the track's sound as its frequencies instead of a wave. See Seeing the frequencies.
Offset and Rate The exact start time and clock correction. Aligning sets these, but you can type a new value and press Enter. Esc cancels.
In file Where the playhead is in this recording, by the recording's own clock, which differs from the timeline's once a track has an offset or rate. Shows -:--.--- when the playhead is before the recording starts or after it ends.

Click a track's header to make it the active track. It gets a bar down its left edge, and buttons like Align active track act on it. Hold Ctrl / ⌘ or Shift while clicking to select several tracks. Drag a header up or down to reorder tracks. Drag the right edge of the headers to widen them for long file names; double-click the edge to narrow them again.

Mute, solo, mono and volume only change what you hear while checking. They never change the exported files, and they aren't Undo steps. They are saved with the project.

A track header with its Volume slider open at 70%, a line marking 100%, and a reset button
The volume slider, turned down to 70%. The line marks 100%.

Make a track taller to see more detail in its wave: drag the line below it downwards. Hold Alt while dragging to resize every track at once, and double-click the line to return to the normal height, which is also the smallest.

Make a quiet track's wave taller with the + and − buttons at the timeline's right edge, level with the track. The number between them shows how much it is enlarged, up to ×64; click it to go back to ×1, or Alt-click it to enlarge the wave as far as it goes with its loudest moment still fitting in the row. You can also scroll over those buttons, hold Alt and scroll over the wave, or press Alt++ / − for the active track. This only changes how the wave is drawn, never how loud anything plays or exports. It is saved with the project.

Seeing the frequencies

Click Spectral view, below Export settings in a track's header, to see its sound as a spectrum instead of a wave. Time still runs from left to right. Up the track is pitch, from 20 Hz at the bottom to 20 kHz at the top, with each octave the same height and marked at the left edge. Colour shows how loud each pitch is: white is loudest, then yellow, orange, red, purple and blue, down to black for silence. A spectrum shows sounds a wave hides, like a clap under loud music, a whistle or a hum, and makes the same sound easier to spot in two recordings.

Three tracks: Camera A as a full-range spectrum, Camera B as a spectrum zoomed in to 200 Hz to 3 kHz, and Camera C as a sound wave
Two tracks as spectra, the second zoomed in to 200 Hz–3 kHz, above a track shown as a wave. The same short sounds show as bright stripes in each.

The first time a track is shown this way, the app analyses its sound, which takes about half a minute per hour of audio. Until then the track shows its wave with a progress bar, and Cancel stops the analysis and keeps the wave. Click the button again to go back to the wave at any time. Alt-click it to switch every track, or press S for the active track.

  • Look closer at some pitches by holding Alt and scrolling over the track. It zooms in around the pitch under the pointer, so point at the bass to look at the bass. Hold Alt+Shift and scroll to move up or down. While zoomed in, the range shown appears at the track's top right, like 200 Hz–3 kHz. Click it to reset the range and see everything again.
  • Brighten a quiet recording with the + and − buttons at the timeline's right edge. They set the brightness instead of wave height for a track shown as a spectrum. At ×2, a sound 6 dB below full scale shows as white; at ×4, one 12 dB below. Alt-click the number to make the loudest moment white. Alt++ / − does the same for the active track.

Which tracks show a spectrum, and how each is zoomed and brightened, are saved with the project. The spectra themselves are saved in a second file beside the project file, using a derived name: a project called Shoot.valproj keeps them in Shoot.valproj-spectra. About 35 MB of data is stored per hour of audio. The project opens without waiting for them: each track shows its wave until its spectrum has been read. Keep the two files together when you move a project; without it, the spectra are analysed again when shown. To analyse every track as it's added, or to turn spectral view off, see Preferences.

6 · Sync using markers

Use markers when automatic alignment can't find a match. That usually means a camera with no microphone, recordings made in different rooms, or very noisy sound. You mark the same real moment in each recording, and the app lines the marks up.

Good moments to mark are short and obvious: a hand clap, a loud laugh, applause, a door closing, a nearby car horn.

Five tracks, each with orange markers on the same two sounds, at different places on the timeline
The same two moments marked on each track, before syncing.
  1. Find the moment in the first recording. Click the track's header to make it active, then move the playhead to the exact moment. ← and → step one frame at a time.
  2. Add a marker with the pin button in the toolbar, or press M.
  3. Repeat for each recording, marking the same moment in each. It doesn't matter where the tracks currently sit on the timeline.
  4. Click "Sync every track from markers" with the button in the toolbar. To sync one track, select it and use Sync active track from markers, the button.
  5. Read the report. For each track it shows how closely the marks agree, such as ±2.1 ms, and warns you if one marker is far from the others.
The Sync from markers report listing each track's new offset and how closely its markers agree
The report. Every track's marks agree to within 2 ms. The two moments are only 10 seconds apart, too close to measure drift, so it says drift not measured.
Tips for markers.
  • Put the same number of markers in the same order on every track. The app pairs the first marker on each track, then the second, and so on.
  • For long recordings, mark one moment near the start and one near the end. Two markers far apart let the app measure and correct clock drift too. They need to be at least 30 seconds apart, and further is more precise. Closer markers still line the tracks up, but don't measure drift.
  • If the tracks are already roughly lined up, press Shift+M to drop a linked marker on every track at the playhead, then drag each one onto the exact moment on each track.
  • Move a marker by dragging it. Delete it by clicking it and pressing Delete, or with the toolbar button. Clicking a marker also jumps the playhead exactly to it, and the playhead follows it while you drag, so the video shows the frame you are marking.

7 · Adjust by hand

You can always move a track yourself, whether to fine-tune a result or to place a recording that has nothing to match against.

To do this Do this
Slide a track along the timeline Hold Alt, or ⌥ Option on a Mac, and drag the track's sound wave. It snaps to the playhead and to other tracks' starts, ends and markers. Hold Shift to temporarily turn snapping off.
Nudge by one frame Select the track and press Alt+← / →.
Nudge by one second Alt+Shift+← / →.
Set an exact start time Type the number of seconds into the track's Offset field and press Enter.
Undo a change The Undo button, or Ctrl+Z. On a Mac it's ⌘+Z. Add Shift to redo.

Dragging on the timeline without Alt selects a stretch of time instead. Use that for aligning part of an event or exporting just that region. – Requiring Alt to move tracks stops you moving one by accident.

8 · The video views

Every camera appears as a tile in the Video area. Tiles play in step with the timeline. When the playhead is before a camera's recording starts or after it ends, its tile shows the first or last picture, dimmed, with No video data over it.

Three video tiles with the adjust controls showing, one zoomed to 2.2 times
Adjusting the views. Each tile has its own zoom slider and a resize corner.
  • Make all tiles bigger or smaller with the slider at the top right, or the and buttons either side of it.
  • Zoom into one view to check a detail like expression or a hand gesture. First click the button to unlock the adjustment controls. Then you can:
    • use the tile's vertical slider, or hold Ctrl / ⌘ and scroll over it, or pinch on a trackpad
    • drag inside the tile to pan around the zoomed picture
    • drag the tile's bottom-right corner to make just that tile bigger or smaller, and double-click the corner to return it to the shared size
    • double-click anywhere inside the video frame to reset any zoom
  • Click the button again to lock the views so they can't be moved by accident. The button resets the zoom on every view.

Zooming here only changes what you see in the app. It doesn't affect the exported files.

9 · Export

Exporting writes a new copy of each recording, trimmed and padded so that every file starts and ends at the same instant and is exactly the same length. Where a recording hadn't started yet or had already stopped, the app fills the gap with a black picture and silent audio.

The app never changes your original files.

Choose the part to export

  • Whole project runs from the earliest start to the latest end of any recording. The app uses this if you set nothing else.
  • In to Out uses points you set. Move the playhead and press I for the start and O for the end, or use the and buttons in the toolbar. Clicking near the start or end of a recording snaps the playhead onto it exactly.
  • Selection uses a stretch of time you drag across on the timeline.

Run the export

The Export window with range, tracks, save-to folder, name suffix and the list of files to write
The Export window.
  1. Click the Export button in the toolbar, , or choose File → Export….
  2. Pick a Range. The app preselects the most specific one you've set.
  3. Under Tracks, every track is ticked to begin with. Open the list to untick the ones you don't want, or tick All tracks to take them all again. The list stays open while you tick.
  4. Click Browse to choose the folder to Save to.
  5. Add to each name goes on the end of each original name, so Interview.mp4 becomes Interview_sync.mp4.
  6. Check the list of files. Each row shows the name the new file will have, including its type, such as Interview_sync.mp4 or Zoom_sync.wav, what it will contain, and the recording it's made from. Click to change that track's format, or to leave it out. Two recordings with the same name get a number, such as GX010001_sync (2).mp4, so neither is written over.
  7. A row with a warning needs sorting out before you can export: a missing file, a format that can't be written, or a file of the same name already in the folder. For the last, turn on Replace existing files, or change what's added to each name.
  8. Click Export. The settings are then locked, and the list shows each file's progress and the time remaining. You can close the window, and the export carries on with its progress in the status bar. Cancel all stops it.
  9. Click beside a finished file to show it in Finder or File Explorer. The finished list stays until you click Clear, so you can reopen the window later to check the results. Clearing it unlocks the settings for your next export.
The Export window during an export: one file done, one exporting, three waiting, and the time left
An export under way. Each file shows its progress, and the time left is at the top right.

Format & quality for each track

By default each exported file keeps its original's picture size and frame rate at similar quality, saved as an MP4 with H.264 video and AAC sound. Nearly everything can play that. A recording of sound only keeps its own type: a WAV stays a WAV and an MP3 stays an MP3, and other types become M4A. You only need these settings if you want something different, such as smaller files or a format for a particular editing program.

Click the button on a track's header to open its settings.

The Export settings window for one track
Export settings for one track. Anything left on "Match source" follows the original file.
Setting Options
File type Choose this first. It decides what the formats below offer, so you can't pick a combination that other programs won't open. For video: MP4, the default, plays everywhere; QuickTime .mov is for editing and the only one that takes ProRes and DNxHD; Matroska .mkv holds most formats but few editors open it. For sound only, which leaves the picture out: WAV (uncompressed), MP3, M4A (AAC, smaller than MP3 at the same quality) and FLAC (lossless, compressed). MP3, M4A and FLAC each hold one format, so there's no audio format to choose, only a bitrate for MP3 and M4A.
Video format H.264 is the default and plays everywhere. H.265 / HEVC makes smaller files but is more hardware intensive to playback. Apple ProRes and Avid DNxHD are tailored for more efficient seeking in editing software but makes very large files. MPEG-4 may suit older devices, but is less efficient than H.264. ProRes and DNxHD are offered with QuickTime only.
Video bitrate Match source, or pick a bitrate. Higher means potentially better quality, but bigger files. Custom lets you type a number. Selecting a higher bitrate than the original file generally provides no benefit.
Resolution Match source, a standard size such as 1920×1080, or Custom to type a width and height. If the new size is a different shape, choose Fit to add black bars, Fill to crop the edges, or Stretch.
Frame rate Match source, or a standard rate such as 25 or 30 frames per second.
Audio format AAC is the default. The list shows only what the file type holds: MP4 takes AAC, MP3 and Dolby Digital; QuickTime also takes PCM; Matroska takes all of these and FLAC; WAV takes PCM only. PCM comes in 16-bit and 24-bit, and WAV's default is as deep as the original.
Audio bitrate Match source or a chosen bitrate. Not needed for lossless formats. From a lossless source, such as a WAV, Match source uses a bitrate that keeps the sound just as good instead of the source's much higher one. MP3 is kept to stereo at 48 kHz at most, so the app brings more channels or a higher sample rate down to that.
Channels Mix down to mono averages every channel into one, for a recording with sound on one side only. It's off by default, and not offered for a file that's already mono.
Extra ffmpeg args Under Advanced: extra ffmpeg arguments…, for experts. Leave it empty.
MP3 files can play about 25 ms late. Every MP3 starts with a short silence, 1,105 samples long: 23 ms at 48 kHz, 25 ms at 44.1 kHz. The file says how long it is, and most apps skip it, but some don't, and there an MP3 plays that much behind the other exported files. The app shows a yellow warning beside the file type when MP3 is chosen. For exact sync everywhere, choose WAV or FLAC.
  • Copy to applies the same settings to every other track, or to the tracks you've selected.
  • Save these settings stores them as a named preset, and Apply a preset uses one. Presets work in every project, and in Merge and Transcode too.
  • Reset returns the track to matching its original.
Phone recordings and sometimes those from "action cameras" like GoPro are "VFR". Phones and action cameras often record at a variable frame rate, marked VFR in the Media list. The app converts these to a constant frame rate on export so they always stay in sync in other software. – Not all software is equipped to handle VFR correctly. You don't need to do anything, this feature is always on.

10 · Save your work

A project remembers your recordings, their alignment, markers, In/Out points and export settings, so you can come back to it later.

File menu Shortcut
New Project Ctrl+N · ⌘+N
Open Project… / Open Recent Ctrl+O · ⌘+O
Save / Save As… Ctrl+S · ⌘+S. Add Shift for Save As
Add Media… Ctrl+I · ⌘+I
Export… Ctrl+E · ⌘+E
  • Projects are saved as .valproj files. They point to your recordings rather than containing copies. Keep the recordings where they are, or keep the project in the same folder as them, or a folder above them. Then you can move or copy the whole folder, or open it from a drive that now has another letter or name, and the project still finds its recordings. If they can't be found, the project still opens, and you can locate them. A project also keeps each recording's sound wave, about 1 MB per hour of audio, so it opens without reading the recordings again. Tracks shown as a spectrum keep theirs in a second file beside the project, ending .valproj-spectra. Move or copy it with the project.
  • Autosave keeps a recovery copy of unsaved changes every 15 seconds. If the app closes unexpectedly, it offers to Recover your work the next time it opens. This never overwrites your saved project.
  • The app asks before closing if you have unsaved changes.

11 · Preferences

On a Mac, open Preferences from the app menu. On Windows and Linux it's File → Preferences…. The shortcut is ⌘+, or Ctrl+,. Changes save as you make them and apply to every project.

The Preferences window, scrolled to the Alignment section
Preferences, scrolled to Alignment. Scroll up or down for the other sections.
Section Settings
Tools Install or reinstall ffmpeg, or choose a copy you already have, and turn hardware acceleration on or off.
Updates Whether to check for a new version when the app starts, which is on by default. Check now checks straight away. The app never downloads an update without asking.
Format presets See and remove saved presets.
Alignment The defaults every project starts from: Search window, Match strictness and Apply syncs up to. See Alignment settings. A project that has its own keeps them. Settings before aligning shows a project's settings before every run, which is on by default.
Waveforms Peak resolution is how much detail sound waves show when zoomed in. Higher uses more memory. Spectral view sets when a track's frequencies are analysed: the first time it's shown as a spectrum, which is the default; for every track as it's added, so switching is always instant; or never, which turns spectral view off.
Timeline Trackpad direction switch is how long you need to swipe a new way before the timeline changes from zooming to panning, or back. The default is 0.5 seconds. Shorter switches sooner; longer stops a swipe that drifts from switching by accident.
Export How many files to export at once, and a default export folder.
Projects How many steps Undo remembers, 50 by default, and how often autosave runs.
Preview proxies Whether to make preview copies of files that can't be played directly, where to keep them, their size, and a button to delete them for the current project.
Appearance Theme: dark, light, or match your computer's setting. Levels: show track volume and the Normalise level as a percentage, which is the default, or in dB.

Hardware acceleration

Most computers have a video engine in their graphics chip (GPU) that reads and writes video much faster than the main processor (CPU). With hardware acceleration on, which it is by default, the app uses it for preview proxies, exports and joined files. It looks for Apple, NVIDIA, Intel and AMD video engines.

The GPU handles H.264 and HEVC, and ProRes on a Mac. Other formats, and all audio files, always use the CPU. If the GPU fails on a file, the app automatically restarts the process on that file again using the CPU.

The GPU and CPU badges in the status bar light up while ffmpeg is working on each, and both can be lit at once. Hover over one to see what it's doing; click it to open Preferences. Turn off the video acceleration setting to do everything on the CPU: it's slower, but gives a slightly better picture for the same file size.

12 · Keyboard shortcuts

Shortcuts work while you're using the timeline area. They're off while a window or text box is open. Press ? in the app to see this list. On a Mac, Alt is the ⌥ Option key, and Ctrl is ⌘.

These are the defaults, and you can change any of them. Open the list with ?, the keyboard button at the right of the timeline toolbar or of the status bar, or Keyboard Shortcuts… in the app menu (the File menu on Windows and Linux).

  • To change a shortcut, click it and press the keys you want. Esc cancels.
  • If another action already uses those keys, the app tells you which one. Choose Reassign to move the keys to the new action, which leaves the other action without them.
  • The × beside a shortcut removes it. The ↺ button puts back the default, and Reset all to defaults… puts back every one.
  • Keys your computer uses everywhere, like copy, paste and quit, can't be reassigned. Menu commands need Ctrl / ⌘ (or an F key), so typing in a box can't set them off.
The Keyboard shortcuts window, with a note that K is already used by Stop, and Cancel and Reassign buttons
Giving Play forward the K key, which Stop already uses.
Keys Action
Playback
Space Play or pause. With a selection, plays just the selection
Shift+Space Play, then return to where playback started when it stops
L Play forward. Press again for 2×, 4× or 8×
J Scrub backwards without sound. Press again to go faster
K Stop, and back to normal speed
← / → Back / forward one frame. Hold to keep stepping
Shift+← / → Back / forward five seconds
Home / End Start / end of the project
Markers
M Add a marker on the active track
Shift+M Add a linked marker on every track at this moment
, / . Previous / next marker, on any track
Backspace or Delete Remove the selected marker
Tracks
↑ / ↓ Select the previous / next track
Alt+↑ / ↓ Move the active track up / down the list
Alt+← / → Nudge the active track one frame
Alt+Shift+← / → Nudge the active track one second
Alt++ / − Make the active track's wave taller / shorter, or its spectrum brighter / darker
S Show the active track as a wave or a spectrum
Solo
Ctrl+1 … 9 Solo track 1 to 9, numbered from the top. Press again to stop. Press another number to switch straight to that track
Export range
I / O Set the In / Out point at the playhead
Shift+I / O Clear the In / Out point
View
+ / − Zoom the timeline in / out
F Zoom to fit the whole project
? Show the shortcut list, and change shortcuts
Menus
Ctrl+N / O New project / open a project
Ctrl+S Save. Add Shift for Save As
Ctrl+I Add media
Ctrl+E Open the Export window
Ctrl+Z Undo. Add Shift to redo
Ctrl+, Preferences

13 · Troubleshooting

A track was not moved during auto-alignment:

  • If the recording started more than 5 minutes before or after the reference, raise the Search window and align again.
  • Make sure the track actually overlaps the reference in time. A recorder that only ran after the reference camera stopped has nothing in common with it. Choose a longer recording as the reference.
  • If the report says the result was only a guess, or the moments disagree, select a longer stretch where both recordings clearly hear the same thing, and align again.
  • If it says no convincing match and the microphones were far apart or the room was noisy or echoing, lower Match strictness for the project, or for just that track, and align again. Then check the result.
  • If the sound is very different, say from another room or with heavy background noise, manually sync using markers instead.

A track was moved to the wrong place:

  • Undo, select a stretch where both recordings clearly hear the same thing, such as speech or a clap, and align again.
  • If you know roughly how far apart the recordings started, lower the Search window to just above that, so the app can't settle on a sound that merely repeats elsewhere.
  • If you lowered Match strictness, raise it again.
  • Sync it with markers instead.

The report says "Approximate":

The track was moved, but could be out by the time shown. Check it and nudge it by hand. See When a sync is approximate.

The report says "drift not measured":

The track and the reference shared too little sound for the app to measure clock drift, or you aligned from a stretch too short to trust across the whole recording, so only its start time was set. For a short clip that's fine. For a long one, check that both ends stay in sync. If they don't, align it again with no selection, or with a longer one, against a recording it overlaps for longer, or sync it with two markers far apart.

The bottom-right corner says "ffmpeg not set up" or "too old":

Click the message and choose Download ffmpeg for me. The app needs ffmpeg version 4.2 or newer.

A video shows black, or "Proxy build failed":

The app couldn't play that format directly and couldn't make a preview copy. Usually that's because the folder beside the original is read-only, like a camera's memory card. When asked where previews should go, choose Use the app proxy folder. Alignment and export still work either way.

A file says "File missing":

The recording has been moved, renamed or deleted, or its drive isn't plugged in. Plug the drive in, or click Locate… on its card in the Media list and choose the file. See missing files.

A file says "Drive not responding":

The network share or drive it's on has stopped answering. Check the connection, or wake the drive. The file comes back by itself within a few seconds of the drive answering again.

A file says "Not downloaded":

It's stored in the cloud, not on this computer. Click Download on its card, or make it available offline in your sync app. See cloud files.

An export says "The GPU could not encode this file":

The graphics chip refused that file, so the CPU exported it instead. Nothing needs doing. If it happens every time, turn off hardware acceleration.

Windows says "Windows protected your PC":

Windows shows this for apps it hasn't seen downloaded many times. Click More info, then Run anyway.

Playing backwards has no sound

That's expected. Pressing J steps backwards through the pictures instead of playing the recording in reverse.

An exported MP3 is slightly behind the others

Some apps don't skip the short silence every MP3 starts with, so the file plays about 25 ms late. Export that track as WAV or FLAC instead. See Format & quality.

How do I update?

When a new version is out, a notice appears in the status bar. Click it to read what's new, then click Download to open the download page in your browser. Install the new version over the old one. Your projects and preferences are kept.

How do I report a problem or suggest something?

Choose Help ▸ Send Feedback…. Pick what kind of feedback it is, describe it, and add your email address if you'd like a reply. The app adds its version and your system details, and What's sent besides your text shows them before you send. Reports go to the developer privately.

If something goes wrong, such as an export that fails or the window stopping, the app offers to report it with the error details included. Untick them if you'd rather not send them. A failed alignment, export, merge or transcode also has a Report… link beside its error. Without the app to hand, use the Feedback page.

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